Congenital Urological Anomalies

Congenital anomalies of the kidneys and urinary tract are variable and can include:

Kidneys  anomalies:

Renal agenesis, Renal hypoplasia, Renal dysplasia and multicystic kidney, Renal fusion horseshoe kidney, Ectopic kidney and multiple or duplicate ureter.

Undescended  testes

Occurs when the testicles fails to descend to a normal position in the scrotum within the first six months of life, can be fixed by surgery.

Hypospadias

Hypospadias is caused by the incomplete development of the urethra in utero. It occurs in boys. The tube that carries urine and semen is located on the underside of the penis. There may be associated bending of the penis, known as chordee. Degrees of hypospadias are classified according to location, including anterior, middle and posterior. Without surgical correction, severe hypospadias may cause urination problems and infertility.

Vesicoureteral reflux

Usually detected in a prenatal ultrasound, causes urine to back up in the ureter. The reflux into the renal pelvis can cause distention and kidney damage. There are two types of VUR: primary, a congenital problem; and second, caused by an infection or obstruction. The reflux is graded according to its severity. Surgery may be required to prevent kidney damage.

Posterior urethral valve (PUV)

The abnormal congenital membrane forming an obstruction in the male urethra, creating a valve that prevents normal bladder emptying. The degree of obstruction varies, but in severe cases, it can lead to renal failure if left untreated. Associated disorders include hydronephrosis and vesicoureteral reflux.

Bladder exstrophy

A malformed bladder may be flattened and exposed on the abdominal wall and pelvic bones may be widely separated. The lower urinary tract also may be affected, causing abnormal formation of the prostate, penis or female genitalia. Several surgeries may be required to reconstruct the bladder, penis or female genitalia.

Urethral meatal stenosis

or urethral stricture is a narrowing (stenosis) of the opening of the urethra at the external meatus thus constricting the opening through which urine leaves the urinary bladder.

Epispadias:

The urethra is displaced dorsally so that it opens on to the top of the penis in males. Females have a bifid clitoris and separation of the labia and incontinence is a common problem.

— Dr. Ali Mehdi Zadeh, Consultant Urologist and Head of Kuwaiti German Urology Unit, CEO & Partner at Kuwait Medical International Company.

د. علي مهدي زادة

الوحدة الكويتية الالمانية لجراحة الكلى و المسالك البولية و التناسلية

عيادة الدكتور على مهدي زاده

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